Cat Tear Stains: Why Does My Cat Have Tear Stains?

What are cat tear stains? Cat tear stains are reddish-brown or rusty-colored marks that appear under your cat’s eyes. Why does my cat have tear stains? These stains are often caused by excessive tearing, a condition known as epiphora in cats, which can stem from various underlying issues.

The presence of cat watery eyes is a common concern for many cat owners. These tear stains, often accompanied by redness around cat eyes, can be more than just a cosmetic issue; they can signal an underlying health problem. This article will delve into the multifaceted reasons behind cat tear stains, exploring everything from normal physiological processes to more serious medical conditions like cat conjunctivitis symptoms and cat eye infection. We will also discuss cat tear duct issues, including the problematic cat blocked tear duct, and provide guidance on treating cat eye stains.

Image Source: www.glowgroom.com

Deciphering the Causes of Cat Tear Stains

Several factors can contribute to the appearance of tear stains on your feline companion. It’s essential to understand these causes to properly address the issue and ensure your cat’s ocular health.

Natural Pigmentation and Breed Predispositions

Sometimes, tear stains are simply a matter of your cat’s natural coloring. Certain breeds are genetically predisposed to developing tear stains due to their facial structure or eye shape.

• Breed Characteristics:

  • Persians and Himalayans: These breeds have brachycephalic (flat) faces, which can lead to shallow eye sockets. This shallow structure makes it harder for tears to drain properly, leading to overflow and staining.
  • Exotic Shorthairs: Similar to Persians, their facial structure can contribute to tear staining.
  • Scottish Folds: The characteristic folded ears of this breed are often associated with a genetic mutation that can affect cartilage development, including tear ducts, potentially leading to blockages.

• Porphyrin in Tears: Tears contain a natural pigment called porphyrin. While normally managed by the tear drainage system, when tears sit on the fur for longer periods, porphyrins can oxidize and cause the characteristic reddish-brown discoloration. This is the same pigment that can also cause redness around the gums and teeth in some animals.

Epiphora: The Medical Term for Excessive Tearing

Epiphora in cats refers to an excessive flow of tears from the eyes. This overflow can be due to either increased tear production or decreased tear drainage.

• Increased Tear Production:

  • Irritation: Anything that irritates the eye’s surface can trigger increased tear production as a protective mechanism. This can include dust, pollen, smoke, or even rough grooming by the cat itself.
  • Allergies: Just like humans, cats can suffer from allergies. Environmental allergens like dust mites, mold, or pollen can cause ocular inflammation, leading to watery eyes. Food allergies are less common but can also manifest with eye symptoms.

• Decreased Tear Drainage: This is a more frequent cause of persistent tear stains. The natural pathway for tears to drain is through the lacrimal puncta, tiny openings in the inner corner of the eyelids, which lead to the nasolacrimal duct and finally into the nasal cavity.

Common Causes of Decreased Tear Drainage

Several issues can disrupt this delicate drainage system, resulting in tears pooling and staining the fur.

Cat Tear Duct Issues

Cat tear duct issues are a primary culprit behind persistent tearing. These can range from minor blockages to more significant structural problems.

• Congenital Blockages: Some kittens are born with tear ducts that are not fully developed or are too narrow. This is more common in certain breeds.
• Acquired Blockages: Over time, the tear ducts can become blocked by debris, mucus, inflammation, or scarring.
• Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: This is the most common type of cat tear duct issue. When the duct that carries tears from the eye to the nose is blocked, tears will spill over the eyelids.

Cat Eye Infections and Inflammation

Infections and inflammation of the eye are significant contributors to cat watery eyes and subsequent staining.

• Cat Conjunctivitis Symptoms: Conjunctivitis, commonly known as “pink eye,” is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye.

  • Signs to Watch For:
    • Redness around cat eyes.
    • Swelling of the eyelids.
    • Discharge that can be watery, mucousy, or pus-like.
    • Frequent blinking or squinting.
    • The cat pawing at its eye.
  • Causes of Conjunctivitis:
    • Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1): This is a very common cause of conjunctivitis in cats. It’s a viral infection that can cause recurring eye problems throughout a cat’s life.
    • Feline Chlamydophila: Another bacterial infection that causes significant eye inflammation and discharge.
    • Mycoplasma: A type of bacteria that can also lead to eye infections.
    • Bacterial Infections: Secondary bacterial infections can occur due to other causes of eye irritation.

• Cat Eye Infection: Beyond conjunctivitis, other infections can affect different parts of the eye.

  • Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea (the clear front part of the eye). This can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or trauma.
  • Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye that includes the iris. This can be a sign of systemic illness and often causes pain, redness, and light sensitivity.

Other Ocular Conditions

Beyond infections and blockages, other eye conditions can lead to excessive tearing.

• Entropion: A condition where the eyelid turns inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea, leading to irritation and increased tear production.
• Ectropion: The opposite of entropion, where the eyelid turns outward, exposing the conjunctiva and making the eye more susceptible to dryness and irritation.
• Corneal Ulcers: A scratch or open sore on the cornea. These are painful and will cause the eye to water profusely.
• Glaucoma: Increased pressure within the eye. This is a serious condition that can lead to blindness if not treated. While less common as a direct cause of staining, pain and inflammation associated with glaucoma can lead to excessive tearing.
• Foreign Bodies: A speck of dust, a stray hair, or even a tiny insect can get into the eye and cause significant irritation and tearing.

Environmental Factors

The environment your cat lives in can also play a role.

• Irritants: Smoke from cigarettes or fireplaces, strong perfumes, cleaning products, and even dusty litter can irritate your cat’s eyes.
• Allergens: As mentioned earlier, pollen, mold, and dust mites can cause allergic reactions.

Fathoming the Role of Tear Ducts

The intricate system of tear ducts is crucial for maintaining ocular health. When this system falters, tear stains are often the visible consequence.

Anatomy of the Feline Tear Drainage System

Tears are produced by the lacrimal glands and glands within the conjunctiva. They serve to lubricate the eye, wash away debris, and contain antibacterial agents. After bathing the eye’s surface, tears are collected at the inner corner of the eye and drain through two small openings called the lacrimal puncta.

1. Lacrimal Puncta: These are tiny openings, one on the upper eyelid and one on the lower eyelid, located near the nose.
2. Lacrimal Sac: The puncta drain into the lacrimal sac.
3. Nasolacrimal Duct: From the lacrimal sac, tears travel down the nasolacrimal duct, which runs through the bone of the skull and empties into the nasal cavity.

A cat blocked tear duct can occur at any point along this pathway.

When Tear Ducts Get Blocked

A cat blocked tear duct means that tears cannot effectively drain into the nasal cavity. This causes tears to back up and spill over the eyelids, leading to the characteristic tear stains.

What Causes a Cat Blocked Tear Duct?

• Inflammation: Swelling within the tear duct, often due to infection or allergies, can narrow or completely block the passageway.
• Debris: Dust, pollen, mucus, or even small particles of food can get lodged in the duct.
• Trauma: Injury to the face or eye area can damage the tear ducts.
• Congenital Narrowing: As mentioned earlier, some cats are born with naturally narrow tear ducts that are prone to blockage.
• Tumors or Growths: Though less common, abnormal growths within or near the tear duct system can cause obstruction.

Recognizing the Signs: Beyond Just Stains

While tear stains are the most visible sign, several other symptoms can accompany excessive tearing, indicating an underlying issue.

Visual Cues to Look For

• Continuous Wetness Around the Eyes: The fur under your cat’s eyes will consistently appear damp.
• Redness Around Cat Eyes: The skin and surrounding fur may become inflamed and red due to constant moisture and irritation.
• Crusty Discharge: In cases of infection or significant irritation, the tears may dry into crusts around the eyes.
• Pus or Thick Discharge: This is a strong indicator of an infection, such as cat conjunctivitis symptoms or a more general cat eye infection. The discharge might be white, yellow, or green.
• Swollen Eyelids: The eyelids may appear puffy and inflamed.
• Squinting or Blinking Excessively: Your cat may be trying to protect its eye from discomfort or pain.
• Pawing at the Eyes: If your cat is frequently rubbing its eyes with its paws, it’s a clear sign of irritation or pain.
• Cloudiness or Discoloration of the Eye: This could indicate a corneal issue or other serious problems like cataracts or glaucoma.
• Changes in Behavior: A cat with an eye problem might become lethargic, lose its appetite, or hide more than usual due to pain or discomfort.

Interpreting the Diagnostics: A Veterinarian’s Approach

If you notice tear stains or any of the other symptoms, it’s crucial to schedule a visit with your veterinarian. They have the tools and expertise to diagnose the underlying cause.

The Veterinary Examination

Your vet will start with a thorough physical examination, paying close attention to your cat’s eyes, including:

• Visual Inspection: Looking for redness, swelling, discharge, corneal clarity, and any obvious foreign bodies.
• Palpation: Gently feeling around the eyes and face for any abnormalities.

Diagnostic Tests

Depending on the initial findings, your vet may recommend several tests:

• Schirmer Tear Test: This simple test measures tear production. It helps determine if the problem is due to excessive tearing or a lack of sufficient tears (dry eye, which paradoxically can sometimes cause reflex tearing).
• Fluorescein Stain: A special orange dye is applied to the eye. This dye highlights any scratches or ulcers on the cornea, as it will adhere to damaged areas and glow green under a special blue light (Wood’s lamp). This is a key test for diagnosing cat eye infection or injuries.
• Nasolacrimal Duct Flushing: This procedure involves gently flushing sterile saline through the tear ducts to check for blockages and to clear out any debris or inflammation. This is a primary diagnostic and therapeutic step for cat tear duct issues.
• Cytology and Culture: If there is a significant discharge, a sample may be taken and examined under a microscope (cytology) or sent to a lab for bacterial culture and sensitivity testing to identify the specific type of infection and the best antibiotic to treat it.
• Blood Tests: In some cases, blood work might be recommended to check for underlying systemic diseases that could be contributing to the eye problems, such as viral infections like FIV or FeLV.
• Ophthalmic Examination: A more detailed examination of the eye using specialized equipment like an ophthalmoscope or biomicroscope (slit lamp) might be performed by a veterinarian or a veterinary ophthalmologist.

Strategies for Treating Cat Eye Stains

Treating cat eye stains involves addressing the root cause of the excessive tearing. Simply wiping away the stains without resolving the underlying issue will only provide temporary cosmetic relief.

Addressing the Underlying Cause

• Infections:
  • Antibiotic Eye Drops/Ointments: For bacterial infections, your vet will prescribe specific eye medications. It’s crucial to administer them exactly as directed and for the full duration of the treatment, even if symptoms improve.
  • Antiviral Medications: For viral infections like FHV-1, antiviral eye drops or oral medications might be used, though often supportive care is the primary approach.
• Inflammation/Allergies:
  • Steroid Eye Drops: These can reduce inflammation, but they must be used cautiously and under veterinary supervision, as they can worsen certain infections or increase the risk of glaucoma.
  • Antihistamines or Allergy Medications: If allergies are suspected, your vet may recommend oral medications or changes to the environment.
• Blocked Tear Ducts:
  • Flushing: As mentioned, flushing the tear ducts can help clear obstructions.
  • Dilation: In cases of persistent narrowing, the ducts may need to be surgically dilated.
  • Stenting: In severe or chronic cases, a small tube (stent) might be placed in the tear duct to keep it open.
• Structural Abnormalities (e.g., Entropion):
  • Surgery: Eyelid abnormalities often require surgical correction to reposition the eyelids and prevent further irritation.
• Corneal Ulcers:
  • Medications: Antibiotics, pain relievers, and medications to promote healing will be prescribed. The goal is to prevent infection and allow the cornea to regenerate.

Managing the Stains Themselves

Once the medical issue is being addressed, you can work on cleaning the stains.

• Gentle Cleaning:
  • Use a soft, damp cloth or cotton ball soaked in plain warm water or a veterinarian-approved eyewash solution.
  • Gently wipe the stained fur away from the eye. Avoid rubbing, as this can cause irritation.
• Specialized Pet Wipes or Solutions:
  • There are commercial products designed specifically for cleaning tear stains on pets. Ensure they are gentle and formulated for eyes. Always follow product instructions and consult your vet if you are unsure.
• Regular Grooming:
  • Keeping the fur around your cat’s eyes trimmed short can help prevent tears from soaking into the fur and reduce staining. This should be done carefully to avoid accidentally cutting the skin or eyes.
• Dietary Supplements:
  • Some owners report success with certain dietary supplements that may help reduce porphyrin levels or improve tear quality. However, it’s essential to discuss any supplements with your veterinarian before giving them to your cat, as some can have side effects or interact with other medications.

Prevention and Ongoing Care

Preventing tear stains involves maintaining good eye hygiene and addressing potential irritants.

Regular Eye Checks

Make it a habit to gently check your cat’s eyes daily. Look for any signs of redness, discharge, or irritation.

Environmental Management

• Reduce Irritants: Avoid using strong scents, harsh cleaning products, or dusty litter boxes near your cat. Ensure good ventilation in your home.
• Allergen Control: If allergies are a factor, try to minimize exposure to common allergens. This might involve frequent vacuuming, using air purifiers, and washing bedding regularly.

Proper Nutrition

A balanced diet is crucial for overall health, including eye health. Ensure your cat is receiving high-quality food appropriate for its age and health status.

Professional Grooming

Regular visits to a professional groomer can help keep the fur around your cat’s eyes tidy and may allow them to spot early signs of eye irritation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: Can I clean my cat’s tear stains myself?

Yes, you can gently clean existing tear stains with a soft, damp cloth and warm water or a vet-approved eyewash. However, this is a cosmetic measure. You must address the underlying cause of the tearing with a veterinarian.

Q2: How often should I clean my cat’s eyes?

If your cat has a tendency for tear stains due to breed or a mild underlying issue, gentle cleaning once or twice a day may be sufficient. If you notice increased tearing or discharge, consult your vet immediately.

Q3: Can tear stains indicate a serious problem?

Tear stains themselves are usually a symptom, not a disease. However, they can be an indicator of various underlying issues, some of which can be serious, like infections or blocked tear ducts. It’s always best to have them checked by a vet.

Q4: My kitten has tear stains. Is this normal?

Some kittens, particularly of certain breeds, can be prone to mild tear staining. However, excessive tearing or staining in a kitten should always be evaluated by a veterinarian to rule out congenital issues or infections.

Q5: Are there home remedies for cat tear stains?

While some owners use products like hydrogen peroxide or boric acid, these are not recommended and can be harmful to your cat’s eyes. Stick to gentle, veterinarian-approved methods for cleaning.

Q6: How long does it take to treat cat eye stains?

The time it takes to resolve tear stains depends entirely on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of the treatment. Infections might clear up in a week or two with medication, while structural issues or chronic conditions may require long-term management.

Conclusion

Tear stains on cats are a common observation, but they warrant attention. From breed predispositions and natural pigmentation to cat eye discharge due to cat conjunctivitis symptoms, cat eye infection, or cat tear duct issues like a cat blocked tear duct, the reasons are diverse. Prompt veterinary consultation is key to diagnosing the root cause of epiphora in cats and implementing the appropriate treating cat eye stains strategy. By working with your veterinarian and maintaining diligent home care, you can help keep your cat’s eyes healthy and clear of unsightly stains.