Can you tell if your cat has a cold? Yes, you can. Cats can get colds, just like people do. While they aren’t exactly the same as human colds, cats can suffer from similar upper respiratory symptoms. These signs can range from mild discomfort to more serious issues, so knowing what to look for is key to helping your feline friend feel better.
Image Source: humanepro.org
Recognizing Feline Cold Symptoms
When your cat isn’t feeling well, their behavior and physical state will often change. Observing these subtle shifts is the first step in identifying if your cat has a cold. Many of the signs are quite common, and you might even recognize them from your own cold experiences.
Common Signs of a Cat Cold
- Cat sneezing: This is often one of the first and most obvious signs. It might be a single sneeze or a series of them, sometimes occurring suddenly.
- Cat nasal discharge: You might notice clear, watery discharge from your cat’s nose. This can sometimes thicken to a yellowish or greenish color if a secondary bacterial infection develops.
- Cat watery eyes: Just like with sneezes, watery eyes can be a prominent symptom. The discharge might be clear and watery, or it could become a bit more thick and sticky.
- Cat coughing: While less common than sneezing, some cats might develop a dry cough. This can sound like they are trying to clear something from their throat.
- Cat lethargy: A sick cat often becomes less active. They might sleep more than usual, seem uninterested in playing, and generally appear less energetic.
- Cat appetite loss: When a cat’s sense of smell is affected by nasal congestion, their appetite can decrease. Eating is often linked to smell for cats.
- Fever: While you can’t always see it, a cat with a cold might have a fever. This can make them feel hot to the touch.
- Decreased grooming: A cat that feels unwell might neglect their usual grooming habits, leading to a duller coat.
- Drooling or pawing at their mouth: Sometimes, nasal congestion can make it difficult for cats to swallow properly, leading to drooling or them trying to clear their mouth.
Deciphering Cat Sneezing and Nasal Discharge
Sneezing and nasal discharge are hallmark signs of a cold in cats. These symptoms arise when the delicate tissues in a cat’s nasal passages become irritated and inflamed.
The Mechanics of Sneezing
Sneezing is the body’s way of forcefully expelling irritants from the nasal passages. When a virus or bacteria enters the nasal cavity, it triggers an inflammatory response. This inflammation can cause:
- Swelling of the nasal lining: This narrows the airways, making it easier for particles to get trapped.
- Increased mucus production: The body tries to trap and flush out the invaders.
- Irritation of nerve endings: This signals the brain to initiate a sneeze.
Examining Cat Nasal Discharge
The appearance of nasal discharge can provide clues about the severity and type of infection.
- Clear and watery discharge: This is typical of the early stages of a viral infection. It indicates inflammation and increased mucus.
- Thick, colored discharge (yellow, green, or cloudy): This often suggests a secondary bacterial infection has developed on top of the initial viral one. It means the body is fighting off bacteria as well as the virus.
Table 1: Types of Nasal Discharge and Potential Meanings
| Discharge Appearance | Potential Cause/Meaning | What to Watch For |
|---|---|---|
| Clear, watery | Early viral infection, mild irritation | Monitor for changes, watch for other symptoms. |
| Thick, white | Early bacterial infection, inflammation | Could progress to colored discharge. |
| Yellow or Green | Bacterial infection (secondary), more advanced | May indicate a need for veterinary treatment. |
| Bloody | Severe inflammation, injury, or specific infections | Seek veterinary attention immediately. |
| Crusted | Dried discharge, sign of ongoing irritation | May require gentle cleaning. |
Interpreting Cat Watery Eyes
Watery eyes, also known as epiphora, are another common symptom of feline upper respiratory infections. The tear ducts, which normally drain tears into the nasal passages, can become blocked or overwhelmed by inflammation.
Why Eyes Get Watery
- Inflammation: The tissues surrounding the eyes and nasal passages are closely linked. Inflammation in the nose can easily spread to the eyes.
- Blocked tear ducts: Swelling in the nasal cavity can physically block the tiny ducts that drain tears from the eyes. When these ducts are blocked, tears can spill over the eyelids.
- Conjunctivitis: The membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye (conjunctiva) can become inflamed, leading to increased tear production and discharge.
Observing Eye Discharge
Similar to nasal discharge, the appearance of eye discharge can be informative.
- Clear, watery tears: This is often seen in the early stages or with milder infections.
- Sticky or thick discharge: This can range from a slightly cloudy substance to a thick, pus-like material. It may cause the eyelids to stick together, especially after sleep.
Important: Always be gentle when cleaning your cat’s eyes. Use a clean, damp cloth or cotton ball (one for each eye) to wipe away discharge. Avoid using tissues, as they can be abrasive.
Gauging Cat Lethargy and Appetite Loss
When a cat feels unwell, their energy levels plummet, and their interest in food often wanes. These signs of lethargy and appetite loss are critical indicators of illness.
Fathoming Feline Lethargy
Lethargy in cats is more than just a lazy afternoon nap. It’s a noticeable lack of interest in activities they normally enjoy, such as playing, exploring, or interacting with their owners.
- Increased sleeping: Your cat might be found sleeping in unusual places or for much longer periods than normal.
- Reduced playfulness: Toys that usually capture their attention may be ignored.
- Lack of curiosity: They might not greet you at the door or show interest in what’s happening around them.
- Hiding: Some cats will retreat and hide when they feel unwell.
Comprehending Cat Appetite Loss
A cat’s sense of smell is vital for their appetite. When their nasal passages are congested, they can’t properly detect the aroma of their food, which is a primary stimulus for eating.
- Sniffing food without eating: You might see your cat approach their food bowl, sniff it, and then walk away.
- Eating less than usual: They may pick at their food or only eat a small portion.
- Complete refusal to eat: In more severe cases, a cat may stop eating altogether. This is a serious concern, especially for cats, as prolonged appetite loss can lead to hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver disease).
Consequences of Not Eating: If your cat hasn’t eaten for more than 24 hours, it’s crucial to contact your veterinarian.
Spotting Cat Coughing and Fever
While sneezing and nasal discharge are the most common, coughing and fever can also accompany a cat cold, signaling a potentially deeper issue.
The Nature of Cat Coughing
Cat coughing is not as frequent as sneezing in typical colds, but it can occur, especially with certain types of respiratory infections.
- Dry, hacking cough: This type of cough can sound like the cat is trying to dislodge something from their throat.
- Congestion-related cough: Sometimes, excess mucus can tickle the throat and trigger a cough.
It’s important to distinguish a cat’s cough from gagging or vomiting. Gagging often involves retching sounds and may result in bringing up food or hairballs. Vomiting is characterized by abdominal heaving before expelling stomach contents.
Detecting Cat Fever
A fever means your cat’s body temperature is higher than normal. For cats, a normal temperature is typically between 100.5°F and 102.5°F (38.1°C to 39.2°C).
- How to check: The most accurate way to check for a fever is with a rectal thermometer. Lubricate the tip of a digital rectal thermometer with petroleum jelly and gently insert it about one inch into your cat’s rectum. Hold it in place until it beeps.
- Signs of fever: While not a direct measurement, you might notice your cat feels unusually warm to the touch, especially around the ears or body. They may also seem more lethargic and restless.
Note: Do not attempt to take your cat’s temperature orally or via the ear canal, as these methods are unreliable and can be uncomfortable or dangerous for the cat.
Differentiating Cold Symptoms from Flu Symptoms
While “cat cold” is a common term, the underlying causes are often viruses that can also lead to what’s commonly referred to as “cat flu.” The distinction is important for diagnosis and treatment.
Cat Flu Symptoms: A Broader Perspective
Cat flu is a term used to describe a set of highly contagious respiratory diseases in cats, primarily caused by the feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV). These viruses are responsible for the majority of upper respiratory infections in cats.
Table 2: Comparing Common Cold vs. Flu Symptoms in Cats
| Symptom | Cat Cold (General) | Cat Flu (Herpesvirus/Calicivirus) |
|---|---|---|
| Sneezing | Common, can be persistent | Very common, often severe and frequent |
| Nasal Discharge | Clear to colored | Clear, can quickly become thick, yellow/green |
| Watery Eyes | Common, mild to moderate | Common, can be severe, leading to conjunctivitis, crusting |
| Coughing | Less common, usually mild | Can occur, sometimes with a moist sound |
| Lethargy | Mild to moderate | Moderate to severe, cats may refuse to move |
| Appetite Loss | Due to congestion | Significant, often due to sore throat, fever, congestion |
| Fever | Possible, mild | Common, can be high |
| Sore Throat/Mouth | Rare | Common, especially with Calicivirus, can cause ulcers |
| Drooling | Uncommon | Common, especially if mouth ulcers are present |
| Other Potential Signs | None significant | Lameness (Calicivirus), pneumonia, corneal ulcers (Herpes) |
The Role of Viruses
The vast majority of what people call “cat colds” are actually feline upper respiratory infections (URIs) caused by viruses. The two most common culprits are:
- Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1): This virus is very common and can cause mild to severe symptoms. It often leads to significant eye involvement, including conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers. Once infected, cats can shed the virus intermittently for life, especially during times of stress.
- Feline Calicivirus (FCV): FCV can cause a range of symptoms, from mild sneezing to more severe illness. Some strains can cause lameness, fever, and even oral ulcers, making eating very painful.
Cat Respiratory Infection: Both FHV-1 and FCV fall under the umbrella of cat respiratory infection. These infections are highly contagious between cats.
When to Seek Veterinary Advice
While many mild cases of cat colds can resolve on their own with supportive care at home, it’s essential to know when professional veterinary help is needed.
Red Flags: Signs Requiring a Vet Visit
- Severe lethargy: If your cat is extremely weak, unresponsive, or seems to be in distress.
- Complete appetite loss for more than 24 hours: This is a serious indicator that requires immediate veterinary attention.
- Difficulty breathing: Labored breathing, wheezing, or rapid breathing are emergency signs.
- Thick, colored nasal or eye discharge: This suggests a bacterial infection that may need antibiotics.
- Yellow or white gums: This can indicate anemia or shock and is a critical emergency.
- Vomiting or diarrhea: These symptoms, especially when combined with other cold signs, can point to a more systemic illness.
- High fever: If you suspect your cat has a high fever (over 104°F or 40°C).
- Neurological signs: Such as head tilting, circling, or seizures.
- Symptoms worsening or not improving after a few days: If your cat’s condition isn’t getting better, or is getting worse, veterinary intervention is necessary.
- Young kittens or elderly cats: These age groups are more vulnerable to complications.
The Importance of Veterinary Diagnosis
Your veterinarian can:
- Accurately diagnose the cause: They can differentiate between viral infections, bacterial infections, allergies, or other conditions.
- Prescribe appropriate medication: This might include antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections, antivirals in some cases, or eye ointments.
- Provide supportive care recommendations: Such as fluids, nutritional support, or nebulization.
- Advise on preventative measures: Including vaccinations.
Home Care for a Cat with a Cold
If your vet gives you the go-ahead for home care, there are several things you can do to help your cat feel more comfortable and recover.
Creating a Comfortable Environment
- Warm and quiet space: Provide a cozy, draft-free place for your cat to rest. A soft blanket or bed can be comforting.
- Isolation: Keep your sick cat separate from other cats in the household to prevent the spread of infection.
Supporting Nasal and Eye Health
- Gentle cleaning: Use a soft, damp cloth or cotton balls to gently wipe away nasal and eye discharge. Use a separate cloth for each eye and nose to prevent cross-contamination.
- Steam therapy: You can create a steamy environment by running a hot shower in the bathroom and sitting with your cat in the room (not in the shower!) for 10-15 minutes. This can help loosen congestion.
- Humidifier: Running a humidifier in the room where your cat spends most of their time can also help keep nasal passages moist.
Encouraging Food and Water Intake
- Warming food: Gently warming wet food can enhance its aroma, making it more appealing.
- Highly palatable food: Offer strong-smelling, tasty wet food options. Tuna water or low-sodium chicken broth (unsalted and no onion/garlic) can sometimes be used to moisten food or encourage drinking.
- Easy access to water: Ensure fresh water is always available. Some cats prefer a water fountain.
Administering Medications
- Follow instructions: If your veterinarian prescribes medication, follow the dosage and schedule precisely.
- Pilling your cat: If your cat needs oral medication, there are various techniques, including using pill pockets or pill giver devices, to make administration easier. Your vet can demonstrate the best method for your cat.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Can my cat give me a cold?
A1: Generally, no. The viruses that cause common colds in cats are specific to felines and are not transmissible to humans. However, some bacteria or fungi can be zoonotic (transmissible to humans), so practicing good hygiene is always recommended.
Q2: How long does a cat cold typically last?
A2: For mild viral infections, symptoms might last from 5 to 10 days. However, some cats, particularly those with FHV-1, can experience recurring symptoms throughout their lives, especially during stressful periods. Secondary bacterial infections can prolong recovery.
Q3: Is my cat contagious to other cats?
A3: Yes, if your cat has a viral or bacterial upper respiratory infection, they are highly contagious to other cats. It’s crucial to isolate sick cats from healthy ones to prevent further spread.
Q4: Can I give my cat over-the-counter cold medicine?
A4: Absolutely not. Many human medications, including common cold remedies, are toxic to cats and can cause severe illness or death. Always consult your veterinarian before giving your cat any medication.
Q5: What is cat flu?
A5: Cat flu is a common term for feline upper respiratory infections, most often caused by feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV). These viruses cause symptoms like sneezing, nasal discharge, watery eyes, and fever.
Q6: My cat’s nose is dry, is that a sign of a cold?
A6: A dry nose is not typically a primary sign of a cold. In fact, nasal discharge is more common. A very dry nose, especially if accompanied by other signs of illness like lethargy or loss of appetite, could indicate dehydration or another issue and should be evaluated by a vet.
Q7: My cat sneezes occasionally, does that mean it has a cold?
A7: Occasional sneezing can happen for various reasons, including allergies or dust. However, if the sneezing is frequent, accompanied by nasal discharge, watery eyes, or lethargy, it is more likely a sign of a respiratory infection.
Conclusion
Recognizing the signs of a cold in your cat is vital for their well-being. By carefully observing your feline companion for symptoms like sneezing, nasal discharge, watery eyes, lethargy, and appetite loss, you can take prompt action. While many cases are manageable with supportive home care, always be vigilant for red flags that indicate a need for professional veterinary intervention. Early detection and proper care can significantly improve your cat’s comfort and speed up their recovery, ensuring your furry friend is back to their purrfect self in no time.